The School hosts several key research platforms, including the National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Aerospace Physics, the "Radiation Physics and Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials" Discipline Innovation Base, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics. It also collaborates with the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to operate the Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education and manages interdisciplinary research centers such as the International Research Center for Nuclear Physics in the Universe, the Center for Soft Matter Physics and Applications, and the International Research Center for Big Bang Cosmology and the Origin of Elements.

The School offers a comprehensive talent cultivation system for undergraduate, master's, and doctoral levels. It has authorization for doctoral programs in the first-level discipline of Physics and hosts a postdoctoral research station. The School also manages a Beijing Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center. Undergraduate programs include Physics, Applied Physics, and Nuclear Physics. The Applied Physics and Nuclear Physics programs have been recognized as national first-class undergraduate programs, with Applied Physics selected for the Ministry of Education's Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan and Physics included in the Top-notch Student Training Plan 2.0.